Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the Fe/Au(111) interface studied by Mössbauer, x-ray absorption, and photoemission spectroscopies

The origin of the interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) induced in ultrathin Fe layer on Au(111) surface was examined using synchrotron-radiation-based M\"{o}ssbauer spectroscopy (MS), X-ray circular dichroism (XMCD), and angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES). To probe detailed electronic structure orbital hybridization between 3$d$ Au 6$p$ bands, we detected proximity effect, which modulates valence-band Fe, resulting PMA. MS XMCD measurements were used to detect moments, respectively. $In$-$situ$ ARPES also confirms initial growth large spin-orbit coupled Shockley states under modulated vicinity Fermi level. This suggests that PMA Fe/Au(111) interface originates from cooperation effects among spin, moments coupling Au. These findings pave way develop $p$-$d$ with a interaction.